Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-containing exosomes reinforce BCG vaccine efficacy by augmenting long-term protection and memory response against experimental tuberculosis in BALB-C mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine immune response in serum, the in vitro system, and tissue samples. The Th-1 (IFN-γ and IL-12) and Th-2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were quantified in the serum of immunized animals using ELISA at 2 weeks post-booster: IFN-γ (A) , IL-10 (B) , IL-12 (C) , IL-4 (D) , and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (E) . Twelve weeks post-infection IFN-γ (F) , IL-10 (G) , IL-12 (H) , IL-4 (I) , and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (J) . All experiments were performed in triplicate, having three biological replicates in each experiment and data are presented here as the mean and standard error. Different vaccinated groups were compared to determine the statistical significance of the data using ANOVA with the Tukey test analysis with p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), and p < 0.001 (***) level of significance.

Article Snippet: Serum samples collected pre-immunization, post-boost, and 12 weeks post-challenge were analyzed for IgG1 (KLM1629), IgG2a (KLM1488), IFN-γ (KB2011), IL-12 (KLM0020), IL-4 (KLM0051), and IL-10 (KB2072) using GENLISA sandwich ELISA kits (Krishgen BioSystems, USA, catalog numbers as specified).

Techniques: In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: IL-12-Overexpressed Nanoparticles Suppress the Proliferation of Melanoma Through Inducing ICD and Activating DC, CD8 + T, and CD4 + T Cells

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S442446

Figure Lengend Snippet: CPP transferred IL-12 into B16F10 cells and CPP-IL-12 induced immunogenic cell death. ( A ) The structure of IL-12 vector. ( B ) Western blot detection of IL-12 expression. ** P < 0.01, Student’s t -test. ( C ) ELISA. CPP-IL-12 increased IL-12 levels in the supernatant of B16-F10 cells, and 2.0 W/cm 2 of laser further increased IL-12 levels. ** P < 0.01, ANOVA. ( D ) Live/dead staining assay. Scale bars=100 μm. ( E ) The number of dead cells. CPP-IL-12 increased and 2.0 W/cm 2 of laser further increased the number of dead cells. ** P < 0.01, ANOVA. ( F ) Cell apoptosis analysis. CPP-IL-12 increased and laser treatment further increased the number of apoptotic cells. ( G ) Immunofluorescence. Green color, CALR expression. Scale bars=2 μm. ( H, I ) ELISA analysis of extracellular and intracellular HMGB1 levels, respectively. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ANOVA. (J) ATP levels. The ATP levels decreased in CPP-IL-12-treated cells, and laser treatment further reduced ATP content. ** P < 0.01, ANOVA. ( K ) CPP increased CD80 + /CD86 + expression of DC.

Article Snippet: IL-12 and HMGB1 levels were estimated using ELISA kits (CSB-E04600m and CSB-E08225M, CUSABIO, Wuhan, China) in accordance with the manufacturer′s instructions.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Exploring the Mechanism of Berberine Intervention in Ulcerative Colitis from the Perspective of Inflammation and Immunity Based on Systemic Pharmacology

doi: 10.1155/2021/9970240

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Effect of berberine on serum IL-1, TNF- α , and IL-4 levels. (b) Effect of berberine on serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12/P70 levels. (c) IL-1, TNF- α , and IL-4 in colon tissue (immunohistochemistry, x200). (d) Expressions of IL-1, TNF- α , and IL-4 in colon tissue ( ∗ compared with normal control group, P < 0.05; # compared with model group, P < 0.05; A: normal group; B: model group; and C: berberine group).

Article Snippet: The experimental drugs, reagents, and instruments are as follows: berberine hydrochloride (Shanghai Xinyi Tianping Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., National Medicine Standard H31021444, 0.1 g/tablet), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (Sigma Inc., batch number 31404-5G-F), H&E staining kit (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., batch number AR1180), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), IL-4 ELISA kit (Ambion company, catalog numbers xyR013, xyR017, and xyR097), IL-8 ELISA kit (Nanjing Senbega Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number: SBJ-R0700), Rat IL-6 ELISA kit (Cat. No. EK0412), Rat IL-12 (P70) ELISA kit (Cat. No. EK1652), Rat IL-10 ELISA kit (Cat. No. EK0418) (Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd.), rabbit anti-mouse IL-1 β , TNF- α , IL-4 antibodies (Beijing Boaosen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch numbers bs-10859R, bs-10802R, and bs-1740R), horseradish enzyme-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number ZB1208), rotary microtome (Leica RM2235 rotary microtome), optical scanning microscope (Zeiss Optical Instruments Beijing Branch), and microplate reader (Rui Xuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Control